Which dietary approach is essential for managing hypertension?

A low sodium diet is essential for managing hypertension because sodium intake is directly linked to blood pressure. High sodium levels can lead to fluid retention, which increases the volume of blood in circulation and consequently raises blood pressure. Reducing sodium intake helps decrease blood pressure and lowers the risk of cardiovascular disease.

In the context of hypertension management, general recommendations suggest limiting sodium to no more than 2,300 mg per day, with further reductions to 1,500 mg for individuals with hypertension or at risk. This dietary approach is often part of the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet, which emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy, while being low in saturated fat and cholesterol.

Other dietary recommendations may support hypertension management, such as the Mediterranean diet, which is rich in healthy fats and plant-based foods and may help improve overall heart health, but the most direct impact on blood pressure comes from sodium restriction. A high sugar diet would likely have the opposite effect by contributing to obesity and other metabolic issues, while a cholesterol-free diet does not specifically address sodium intake or its effect on blood pressure.