Which medication class is effective for bronchoconstriction during an asthma attack?

Short-acting inhaled bronchodilators are the medication class specifically designed to provide immediate relief during an asthma attack by relaxing the smooth muscles of the airways. This leads to bronchodilation—expanding the air passages—and helps to alleviate symptoms of bronchoconstriction, such as wheezing and shortness of breath. These medications, often referred to as "rescue inhalers," are typically fast-acting, providing relief within minutes and allowing for quick intervention when an asthma episode occurs.

Corticosteroids, in contrast, are primarily used for long-term control of asthma and work by reducing inflammation within the airways, but they do not provide immediate relief for bronchospasm. Methylxanthines can also aid in bronchodilation but are not typically the first line for acute relief due to their delayed onset and potential side effects. Leukotriene modifiers contribute to asthma management by reducing airway inflammation and responsiveness to allergens but are not intended for acute symptom relief during an asthma attack.

Thus, the role of short-acting inhaled bronchodilators is critical in emergency situations, making them the most effective choice for managing bronchoconstriction during an asthma attack.